Large-Scale Interventions

Assembled by Carter McNamara, MBA, PhD

Robert Rhouda, of the University of St. Thomas in Minneapolis, Minnesota, provides a specific, itemized definition of large-scale interventions for organizational change, in his paper, Background and Theory for Large Scale Organizational Change. According to Rhouda, "The major features of large-scale, real-time change management process include:

  1. the theory-base uses less action research and discrepancy theory, and focuses on application of systems theory
  2. the data base source is no longer internal to the organization, but now involves both the organization and its environment (an open-systems approach)
  3. the data base, which formerly had limited availability, is now widely shared throughout the organization
  4. time: what was formerly a slow "waterfall" process is now a fast, quick response which results in immediate action taking place
  5. learning moves from the individual or unit to the whole organization
  6. the responsibility and accountability moves from senior management to a mixture of senior management plus the whole system
  7. the consultant role, formerly reserved for data collection and feedback, now also includes structures and facilities for data analysis and action planning
  8. the change process moves from incremental change to fundamental, organization-wide change"

Sections of This Topic Include:

Overview of Large-Scale Interventions
Some Specific Large-Scale Interventions

General Resources



Overview of Large-Scale Interventions

The following link gives a broad overview of various large-scale interventions.
Background and Theory for Large Scale Organizational Change
Managing Change with Large Scale, Real-Time Interventions
A Parable on Organization Change: Reducing Cycle Time with Large-Scale Technology
Using Real-Time Strategic Change

Some Specific Large-Scale Interventions

The following might be considered examples of large-scale intervention techniques, although there certainly has been argument about what technically qualifies as such an intervention.
Dannemiller-Tyson Interactive Strategic Planning
Marv Weisbord's Future Search Conference
Dick Axelrod's Conference Model Redesign
Robert W. Jacob's Real-Time Strategic Change
Harrison Owen's Open Space Technology
William Stockton's The Mobius Model
Carter McNamara's Integrated Peer Learning Communities Example of Large-Scale Intervention
Leadership for Structuring or Systematic Change

General Resources

Center for the Study of Work Teams


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For the Category of Organizational Development:

Related Library Topics

Recommended Books

Managing Organizational Change

Growing Your Organization



Managing Organizational Change

Book Cover Field Guide to Consulting and Organizational Development
by Carter McNamara, published by Authenticity Consulting, LLC. Provides complete, step-by-step guidelines to identify complex issues in for-profit or government organizations and successfully resolve each of them. This book is also helpful to organizations that are doing fine now, but want to evolve to the next level of performance. This is one of the truly comprehensive, yet practical, books about this complex subject! Includes online forms that can be downloaded. Many materials in this Library's topic about guiding change are adapted from this comprehensive book.
Book Cover Field Guide to Consulting and Organizational Development With Nonprofits
by Carter McNamara, published by Authenticity Consulting, LLC. Provides complete, step-by-step guidelines to identify complex issues in nonprofit organizations and successfully resolve each of them. This book is also helpful to organizations that are doing fine now, but want to evolve to the next level of performance. This is one of the truly comprehensive, yet practical, books about this complex subject! Includes online forms that can be downloaded. Many materials in this Library's topic about guiding change are adapted from this comprehensive book.

The following books are recommended because of their highly practical nature and often because they include a wide range of information about this Library topic. To get more information about each book, just hover your cursor over the image of the book. A "bubble" of information will be displayed. You can click on the title of the book in that bubble to get more information, too.


Growing Your Organization

The following books are recommended because of their highly practical nature and often because they include a wide range of information about this Library topic. To get more information about each book, just hover your cursor over the image of the book. A "bubble" of information will be displayed. You can click on the title of the book in that bubble to get more information, too.


Also See

Capacity Building (Nonprofit) -- Recommended Books